what idea was espoused with the webster hayne debates

And, therefore, I cannot but feel regret at the expression of such opinions as the gentleman has avowed; because I think their obvious tendency is to weaken the bond of our connection. . In this moment in American history, the federal government had relatively little power. There yet remains to be performed, Mr. President, by far the most grave and important duty, which I feel to be devolved on me, by this occasion. They cherish no deep and fixed regard for it, flowing from a thorough conviction of its absolute and vital necessity to our welfare. It was not a Union to be torn up without bloodshed; for nerves and arteries were interwoven with its roots and tendrils, sustaining the lives and interests of twelve million inhabitants. But the gentleman apprehends that this will make the Union a rope of sand. Sir, I have shown that it is a power indispensably necessary to the preservation of the constitutional rights of the states, and of the people. All rights reserved. . Finally, sir, the honorable gentleman says, that the states will only interfere, by their power, to preserve the Constitution. . The great debate, which culminated in Hayne's encounter with Webster, came about in a somewhat casual way. I spoke, sir, of the ordinance of 1787, which prohibited slavery, in all future times, northwest of the Ohio,[6] as a measure of great wisdom and foresight; and one which had been attended with highly beneficial and permanent consequences. Most are forgettable, to put it charitably. Two leading ideas predominated in this reply, and with respect to either Hayne was not only answered but put to silence. . The debate itself, a nine-day long unplanned exchange between Senators Robert Y. Hayne and Daniel Webster, directly addressed the methods by which the federal government was generating revenue, namely through protective tariffs and the selling of federal lands in the newly acquired western territories. T he Zionist-evangelical back story goes back several decades, with 90-year-old televangelist Pat Robertson being a prime case study.. One of the more notable "coincidences" or anomalies Winter Watch brings to your attention is the image of Robertson on the cover of Time magazine in 1986 back before the public was red pilled by the Internet -as the pastor posed with a gesture called . If I could, by a mere act of my will, put at the disposal of the federal government any amount of treasure which I might think proper to name, I should limit the amount to the means necessary for the legitimate purposes of the government. Even Benton, whose connection with the debate made him at first belittle these grand utterances, soon felt the danger and repudiated the company of the nullifiers. Are we in that condition still? Some of his historical deductions may be questioned; but far above all possible error on the part of her leaders, stood colonial and Revolutionary New England, and the sturdy, intelligent, and thriving people whose loyalty to the Union had never failed, and whose home, should ill befall the nation, would yet prove liberty's last shelter. Consolidation!that perpetual cry, both of terror and delusionconsolidation! I will struggle while I have life, for our altars and our fire sides, and if God gives me strength, I will drive back the invader discomfited. The following states came from the territory north and west of the Ohio river: Ohio (1803), Indiana (1816), Illinois (1818), Michigan (1837), Wisconsin (1848) and Minnesota (1858). . The taxes paid by foreign nations to export American cotton, for example, generated lots of money for the government. This is a delicate and sensitive point, in southern feeling; and of late years it has always been touched, and generally with effect, whenever the object has been to unite the whole South against northern men, or northern measures. flashcard sets. One of the most storied match-ups in Senate history, the 1830 Webster-Hayne debate began with a beef between Northeast states and Western states over a plan to restrict . . This important consideration, seriously and deeply impressed on our minds, led each state in the Convention to be less rigid, on points of inferior magnitude, than might have been otherwise expected.. The Perpetuation of Our Political Institutions Add Song of the Spinners from the Lowell Offering. While the debaters argued about slavery, the economy, protection tariffs, and western land, the real implication was the meaning of the United States Constitution. See Genesis 9:2027. . Well, it's important to remember that the nation was still young and much different than what we think of today. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. They switched from a. the tariff of 1828 to national power . "The most eloquent speech ever delivered in Congress" may have been Webster's 1830 "Second Reply to Hayne", a South Carolina Senator who had echoed John C. Calhoun's case for state's rights.. When the honorable member rose, in his first speech, I paid him the respect of attentive listening; and when he sat down, though surprised, and I must say even astonished, at some of his opinions, nothing was farther from my intention than to commence any personal warfare: and through the whole of the few remarks I made in answer, I avoided, studiously and carefully, everything which I thought possible to be construed into disrespect. It is the common pretense. In coming to the consideration of the next great question, what ought to be the future policy of the government in relation to the public lands? Webster and the North treated it as binding the states together as a single union. The Revelation on Celestial Marriage: Trouble Amon Hon. I hold it to be a popular government, erected by the people; those who administer it responsible to the people; and itself capable of being amended and modified, just as the people may choose it should be. Crittenden Compromise Plan & Reception | What was the Crittenden Compromise? . . Now, have they given away that right, or agreed to limit or restrict it in any respect? . It moves vast bodies, and gives to them one and the same direction. We will not look back to inquire whether our fathers were guiltless in introducing slaves into this country. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. But, according to the gentlemans reading, the object of the Constitution was to consolidate the government, and the means would seem to be, the promotion of injustice, causing domestic discord, and depriving the states and the people of the blessings of liberty forever. The senator from Massachusetts, in denouncing what he is pleased to call the Carolina doctrine,[5] has attempted to throw ridicule upon the idea that a state has any constitutional remedy by the exercise of its sovereign authority against a gross, palpable, and deliberate violation of the Constitution. He called it an idle or a ridiculous notion, or something to that effect; and added, that it would make the Union a mere rope of sand. His speech was indeed a powerful one of its eloquence and personality. In whatever is within the proper sphere of the constitutional power of this government, we look upon the states as one. I wish to see no new powers drawn to the general government; but I confess I rejoice in whatever tends to strengthen the bond that unites us, and encourages the hope that our Union may be perpetual. Hayne quotes from the Virginia Resolution (1798), authored by Thomas Jefferson, to protest the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798). On the one side it is contended that the public land ought to be reserved as a permanent fund for revenue, and future distribution among the states, while, on the other, it is insisted that the whole of these lands of right belong to, and ought to be relinquished to, the states in which they lie. Webster rose the next day in his seat to make his reply. It is only regarded as a possible means of good; or on the other hand, as a possible means of evil. By means of missionaries and political tracts, the scheme was in a great measure successful. Nullification, Webster maintained, was a political absurdity. What a commentary on the wisdom, justice, and humanity, of the Southern slave owner is presented by the example of certain benevolent associations and charitable individuals elsewhere. Tariff of Abominations of 1828 | What was the Significance of the Tariff of Abominations? You see, to the south, the Constitution was essentially a treaty signed between sovereign states. . Where in these debates do we see a possible argument in defense of Constitutional secession by the states, later claimed by the Southern Confederacy before, during, and after the Civil War? For the next several days, the men traded speeches which contemporaries of the time described as the greatest orations ever delivered in the Senate. Ah! Francis O. J. Smith to Secretary of State Dan Special Message to the House of Representatives, Special Message to Congress on Mexican Relations. Sir, I have had some opportunities of making comparisons between the condition of the free Negroes of the North and the slaves of the South, and the comparison has left not only an indelible impression of the superior advantages of the latter, but has gone far to reconcile me to slavery itself. The purpose of the Constitution was to permit cooperation between states under a shared political standard, but that meant that any growth in a federal government threatened the sovereignty of the states. Wilmot Proviso of 1846: Overview & Significance | What was the Wilmot Proviso? This is the sum of what I understand from him, to be the South Carolina doctrine; and the doctrine which he maintains. What they said I believe; fully and sincerely believe, that the Union of the states is essential to the prosperity and safety of the states. . . . But I take leave of the subject. They undertook to form a general government, which should stand on a new basisnot a confederacy, not a league, not a compact between states, but a Constitution; a popular government, founded in popular election, directly responsible to the people themselves, and divided into branches, with prescribed limits of power, and prescribed duties. They have agreed, that certain specific powers shall be exercised by the federal government; but the moment that government steps beyond the limits of its charter, the right of the states to interpose for arresting the progress of the evil, and for maintaining within their respective limits the authorities, rights, and liberties, appertaining to them,[7] is as full and complete as it was before the Constitution was formed. Webster and the northern states saw the Constitution as binding the individual states together as a single union. Having thus distinctly stated the points in dispute between the gentleman and myself, I proceed to examine them. . Sir, if we are, then vain will be our attempt to maintain the Constitution under which we sit. I feel like its a lifeline. The idea of a strong federal government The ability of the people to revolt against an unfair government The theory that the states' may vote against unfair laws The role of the president in commanding the government 2 See answers Advertisement holesstanham Answer: Sir, when arraigned before the bar of public opinion, on this charge of slavery, we can stand up with conscious rectitude, plead not guilty, and put ourselves upon God and our country. . Webster's "Second Reply to Hayne" was generally regarded as "the most eloquent speech ever delivered in Congress."[1]. An equally. Webster replied to his speech the next day and left not a shred of the charge, baseless as it was. Southern ships and Southern sailors were not the instruments of bringing slaves to the shores of America, nor did our merchants reap the profits of that accursed traffic.. Mr. Hayne having rejoined to Mr. Webster, especially on the constitutional question. . The Destiny of America, Speech at the Dedication o An Address. These debates transformed into a national crisis when South Carolina threatened . . All of these ideas, however, are only parts of the main point. . He must cut it with his sword. . But I do not understand the doctrine now contended for to be that which, for the sake of distinctness, we may call the right of revolution. It has been said that Hayne was Calhoun's sword and buckler and that he returned to the contest refreshed each morning by nightly communions with the Vice-President, drawing auxiliary supplies from the well-stored arsenal of his powerful and subtle mind. Webster-Hayne Debate 1830, an unplanned series of speeches in the Senate, during which Robert Hayne of South Carolina interpreted the Constitution as little more than a treaty between sovereign states, and Daniel Webster expressed the concept of the United States as one nation. In January 1830, a debate on the nature of sovereignty in the America. The people read Webster's speech and marked him as the champion henceforth against all assaults upon the Constitution. Web hardcover $30.00 paperback $17.00 kindle nook book ibook. Historians love a good debate. It cannot be doubted, and is not denied, that before the formation of the constitution, each state was an independent sovereignty, possessing all the rights and powers appertaining to independent nations; nor can it be denied that, after the Constitution was formed, they remained equally sovereign and independent, as to all powers, not expressly delegated to the federal government. Rather, the debate eloquently captured the ideas and ideals of Northern and Southern representatives of the time, highlighting and summarizing the major issues of governance of the era. | 12 In The Webster-Hayne Debate, Christopher Childers examines the context of the debate between Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and his Senate colleague Robert S. Hayne of South Carolina in January 1830 . Drama, suspense, it's all there. We are ready to make up the issue with the gentleman, as to the influence of slavery on individual and national characteron the prosperity and greatness, either of the United States, or of particular states. . . What was going on? The gentleman, therefore, only follows out his own principles; he does no more than arrive at the natural conclusions of his own doctrines; he only announces the true results of that creed, which he has adopted himself, and would persuade others to adopt, when he thus declares that South Carolina has no interest in a public work in Ohio. . Though the debate began as a standard policy debate, the significance of Daniel Webster's argument reached far beyond a single policy proposal. These irreconcilable views of national supremacy and state sovereignty framed the constitutional struggle that led to Civil War thirty years later. I regard domestic slavery as one of the greatest of evils, both moral and political. But the topic which became the leading feature of the whole debate and gave it an undying interest was that of nullification, in which Hayne and Webster came forth as chief antagonists. The Webster-Hayne debate was a series of spontaneous speeches presented to the United States Senate by senators Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina. So soon as the cessions were obtained, it became necessary to make provision for the government and disposition of the territory . The debate continued, in some ways not being fully settled until the completion of the Civil War affirmed the power of the federal government to preserve the Union over the sovereignty of the states to leave it. 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[Its leader] would have a knot before him, which he could not untie. Webster's second reply to Hayne, in January 1830, became a famous defense of the federal union: "Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable." Just beneath the surface of this debate lay the elements of the developing sectional crisis between North and South. . One was through protective tariffs, high taxes on imports and exports. The whole form and structure of the federal government, the opinions of the Framers of the Constitution, and the organization of the state governments, demonstrate that though the states have surrendered certain specific powers, they have not surrendered their sovereignty. Jackson himself would raise a national toast for 'the Union' later that year. . . These verses recount the first occurrence of slavery. Allow me to say, as a preliminary remark, that I call this the South Carolina doctrine, only because the gentleman himself has so denominated it. Hayne entered the U.S. Senate in 1823 and soon became prominent as a spokesman for the South and for the . . But I do not admit that, under the Constitution, and in conformity with it, there is any mode in which a state government, as a member of the Union, can interfere and stop the progress of the general government, by force of her own laws, under any circumstances whatever. To all this, sir, I was disposed most cordially to respond. TeachingAmericanHistory.org is a project of the Ashbrook Center at Ashland University, 401 College Avenue, Ashland, Ohio 44805 PHONE (419) 289-5411 TOLL FREE (877) 289-5411 EMAIL [emailprotected], The Congress Sends Twelve Amendments to the States, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 3rd Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 3rd Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 4th Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 4th Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 6th Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 6th Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 7th Debate Part I, National Disfranchisement of Colored People, William Lloyd Garrison to Thomas Shipley. They will not destroy it, they will not impair itthey will only save, they will only preserve, they will only strengthen it! After his term as a senator, he served as the Governor of South Carolina. . Enveloping all of these changes was an ever-growing tension over the economy, as southern states firmly defended slavery and northern states advocated for a more industrial, slave-free market. Representatives of the northern states were concerned by the rapid growth of the nation; just 27 years earlier, the Louisiana Purchase had nearly doubled the size of the nation, and the newly elected President Andrew Jackson was hungry for more territory. . . In many respects, his speech betrays the mentality of Massachusetts conservatives seeking to regain national leadership and advance their particular ideas about the nation. But it was the honor of a caste; and the struggling bread-winners of society, the great commonalty, he little studied or understood. . . What idea was espoused with the Webster-Hayne debates? . Nor those other words of delusion and folly,liberty first, and union afterwardsbut everywhere, spread all over in characters of living light, blazing on all its ample folds, as they float over the sea and over the land, and in every wind under the whole Heavens, that other sentiment, dear to every true American heartliberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable! The scene depicted in the painting is Webster concluding his debate with Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina. . . Why? It is the servant of four-and-twenty masters, of different wills and different purposes, and yet bound to obey all. MTEL Speech: Notable Debates & Speeches in U.S. History, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858: Summary & Significance, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, The Significance of Daniel Webster's Argument, MTEL Speech: Principles of Argument & Debate, MTEL Speech: Understanding Persuasive Communication, MTEL Speech: Public Argument in Democratic Societies. Let their last feeble and lingering glance, rather behold the gorgeous Ensign of the Republic, now known and honored throughout the earth, still full high advanced, its arms and trophies streaming in their original luster, not a stripe erased or polluted, nor a single star obscuredbearing for its motto, no such miserable interrogatory as, what is all this worth? . That led into a debate on the economy, in which Webster attacked the institution of slavery and Hayne labeled the policy of protectionist tariffs as the consolidation of a strong central government, which he called the greatest of evils. Several state governments or courts, some in the north, had espoused the idea of nullification prior to 1828. Webster-Hayne Debate book. Hayne launched his confident javelin at the New England States. Neither side can be said to have 'won' the debate, but Webster's articulation of the Union solidified for many the role of the federal government. Connecticut and other northeastern states were worried about the pace of growth and wanted to slow this down. The speech is also known for the line Liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable, which would subsequently become the state motto of North Dakota, appearing on the state seal. The next day, however, Massachusetts senator Daniel Webster rose with his reply, and the northern states knew they had found their champion. . As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 He was a lawyer turned congressional representative who eventually worked his way to the office of U.S. Secretary of State. But still, throughout American history, several debates have captured the nation's attention in a way that would make even Hollywood jealous. . Who doesn't? The gentleman, indeed, argues that slavery, in the abstract, is no evil. He entered the Senate on that memorable day with a slow and stately step and took his seat as though unconscious of the loud buzz of expectant interest with which the crowded auditory greeted his appearance. We met it as a practical question of obligation and duty. I distrust, therefore, sir, the policy of creating a great permanent national treasury, whether to be derived from public lands or from any other source. South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification 1832 | Crisis, Cause & Issues. . You'll laugh, you'll cry, you'll hopefully stay awake until the end of the lesson. . All of these contentious topics were touched upon in Webster and Hayne's nine day long debate. Perhaps a quotation from a speech in Parliament in 1803 of Lord Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, 2nd Marquess of Londonderry (17691822) during a debate over the conduct of British officials in India. Sir, I cordially respond to that appeal. The Webster Hayne Debate. . What interest, asks he, has South Carolina in a canal in Ohio? Sir, this very question is full of significance. Religion and the Pure Principles of Morality: The American Anti-Slavery Society, Declaration of Sent Constitution of the American Anti-Slavery Society, Appeal to the Christian Women of the South, Protest in Illinois Legislature on Slavery. . . . . . The Significance of the Frontier in American Histo South Carolinas Ordinance of Nullification. The Webster-Hayne debate was a series of spontaneous speeches delivered before the Senate in 1830. It was of a partizan and censorious character and drew nearly all the chief senators out. Daniel webster (ma) and sen. Hayne of . . Webster believed that the Constitution should be viewed as a binding document between the United States rather than an agreement between sovereign states. Hayne, South Carolina's foremost Senator, was the chosen champion; and the cause of his State, both in its right and wrong sides, could have found no abler exponent while [Vice President] Calhoun's official station kept him from the floor. Our notion of things is entirely different. On this subject, as in all others, we ask nothing of our Northern brethren but to let us alone; leave us to the undisturbed management of our domestic concerns, and the direction of our own industry, and we will ask no more. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. In fact, Webster's definition of the Constitution as for the People, by the People, and answerable to the People would go on to form one of the most enduring ideas about American democracy. To them, this was a scheme to give the federal government more control over the cost of land by creating a scarcity. Webster's articulation of the concept of the Union went on to shape American attitudes about the federal government. When the gentleman says the Constitution is a compact between the states, he uses language exactly applicable to the old Confederation. Webster denied it and, attempting to draw Hayne into a direct confrontation, disparaged slavery and attacked the constitutional scruples of southern nullifiers and their apparent willingness to calculate the Union's value in monetary terms. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. . For Calhoun, see the Speech on Abolition Petitions and the Speech on the Oregon Bill. . . At the time of the debate, Webster was serving his term as Senator of Massachusetts. We see its consequences at this moment, and we shall never cease to see them, perhaps, while the Ohio shall flow. . Van Buren responded to the Panic of 1837 with the idea of the independent treasury, which was a. a system of depositing money in select independent banks God grant that, in my day, at least, that curtain may not rise. Who, then, Mr. President, are the true friends of the Union? . . . The militia of the state will be called out to sustain the nullifying act.

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